The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) launched its Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program to provide reliable high-speed internet to every household in America. While traditional fiber-optic and cable broadband dominate deployment plans, alternative technologies are emerging as a critical component for reaching the nation’s most underserved and remote areas.
As defined by the NTIA, alternative broadband technologies include low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites and unlicensed wireless systems that can meet BEAD’s minimum performance standards of 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload speeds. These technologies are precious for addressing deployment challenges in rugged terrains, sparsely populated regions, and areas where conventional infrastructure would be cost-prohibitive.
The Case for Alternative Technologies
In a recent draft guidance issued by the NTIA, alternative technologies were highlighted to expand broadband access when traditional methods are infeasible. The NTIA’s framework encourages states to evaluate these options, particularly in cases where reliable broadband services are not proposed or the cost per location exceeds thresholds.
NTIA has emphasized the importance of alternative technologies in expanding broadband access. In its “Proposals to Improve Broadband Program Alignment Report,” the NTIA discusses efforts to promote program alignment and the role of various technologies in achieving broadband deployment goals. The NTIA’s BroadbandUSA program also convenes the State Broadband Leaders Network (SBLN), a community of practitioners working on state broadband initiatives. This network shares priorities and best practices, including exploring alternative technologies to address emerging telecommunications policy issues.
These initiatives underscore the NTIA’s commitment to leveraging diverse technological solutions to bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable broadband access across the United States.
West Virginia Leading the Charge
West Virginia is one of the first states to adopt formal guidance for incorporating alternative technologies into its BEAD-funded projects. The state’s “West Virginia BEAD Program Alternative Technologies Guidance,” released in November 2024, lays out a clear framework for identifying and deploying these solutions.
Jim Martin, CEO of Citynet, has been a vocal advocate for expanding broadband access in West Virginia. Under his leadership, Citynet has undertaken significant initiatives to enhance connectivity across the state. For instance, in August 2024, Citynet completed a $4.2 million fiber broadband project in Wetzel County, providing high-speed internet to over 1,900 households. During the dedication event, Martin expressed his enthusiasm for the project, stating:
“We are incredibly proud to be a critical part of this exciting initiative. Citynet’s work on this project is at the core of our mission: to bring affordable, reliable broadband internet across West Virginia.”
Benefits and Challenges
Alternative technologies offer several advantages, including quicker deployment timelines, lower costs, and the ability to serve geographically challenging regions. For example, LEO satellite providers like Starlink have already demonstrated their capability to deliver reliable internet to remote areas. Similarly, fixed wireless solutions can leverage existing infrastructure to extend broadband coverage efficiently.
However, challenges remain. Alternative technologies must consistently meet BEAD’s technical performance criteria, including low latency and reliability. Additionally, states and providers must navigate regulatory hurdles, such as spectrum allocation and interoperability with existing broadband systems.
Taking a Look at the Path Forward
As states finalize their BEAD deployment strategies, incorporating alternative technologies will be crucial to achieving universal broadband access. The NTIA has emphasized the importance of collaboration between public and private stakeholders to ensure these technologies are deployed effectively.
Assistant Secretary Davidson has consistently emphasized the importance of closing the digital divide and the role of innovative solutions in achieving this goal. In his testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, & Transportation on June 9, 2022, he stated:
“Priority number one is closing the digital divide. Gaps in broadband availability and adoption, even where the infrastructure is available, mean opportunity gaps: fewer opportunities to learn and work from home, remotely visit doctors, or stay connected with family and friends.”
This underscores his commitment to leveraging various technological solutions to ensure equitable broadband access across the United States.
By integrating alternative technologies into the BEAD program, the United States can address persistent connectivity challenges and bring reliable internet to its most underserved populations. States like West Virginia, which pioneers these efforts, set a precedent for innovative and inclusive broadband deployment strategies nationwide.
